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<h2>NF-kB Activation: Elucidating Upstream Events</h2>by Stephen Jones 
 
The classical 
pathway for activation of NF-kB, a key transcriptional regulator of the immune 
system, is controlled by the IKK complex.  Activated IKK phosphorylates IkB 
which is ubiquitinated and rapidly degraded, allowing NF-kB to translocate from 
the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it activates gene 
transcription. However, the mechanisms regarding IKK activation have been 
elusive. <o:p /> 
 
Now CARMA1, Bcl-10, 
and MALT1 are helping to fill in the blanks of IKK activation. These 
proteins are downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) and upstream of the IKK 
complex (Fig. 1). Antigen-TCR signaling in the adaptive immune system leads to 
PKC-q activation and formation of an oligomerization-ubiquitination 
(Ub)-phosphorylation (P) pathway leading to activated IKK. Oligomerization-Ub-P 
pathways have also been found to mediate NF-kB activation through TLR 
(Toll-like receptor) signaling; suggesting these emerging IKK activation 
pathways may play key roles in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity.<o:p /> 
 
<o:p> </o:p> 
 
IMGENEX offers a 
complete line of antibodies, inhibitors, ELISA assays, and RNAi kits to 
complement your NF-kB & TLR signaling studies.  Visit our IMGENEX to 
learn how we can help you accelerate your research.<o:p /> 
 
 
<h3>About the Author</h3>

IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa
and one of its kinds in Eastern India. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an
outsourcing branch of  <a href="http://www.imgenex.com">IMGENEX
Corporation</a> , San Diego, USA. Find out more information about <a href="http://www.imgenex.com/NF-kBPathway.php">NF-kB</a> .

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