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<h2>Are we "Livin" or just "Survivin"?</h2>by Stephen Jones 
 
The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family protects cells from 
self-execution by blocking the relentless caspase death cascade. IAPs bind to 
and inhibit activated caspases through their BIR domains.  Some IAPs such as    Livin also contain a RING domain that has 
E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and promotes the degradation of    Smac/DIABLO through ubiquitination. Since 
Smac/DIABLO promotes apoptosis by inhibiting IAP-caspase interactions, 
degradation of Smac/DIABLO allows IAPs to more effectively block caspase 
activity thereby promoting cell survival. 
 
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In general, members of the IAP family are highly expressed 
in several types of cancer. However, Survivin, an IAP that lacks a RING domain, 
definitely stands out among the family for its clear association with cancer. 
Abundantly expressed during development but scarce in normal adult tissues, 
Survivin is upregulated during tumorigenesis and associated with chemotherapy 
resistance and poor patient survival. 
 
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IAPs are fast emerging as targets for potential diagnostics 
and therapeutics. For example, patients suffering from diverse cancers develop 
antibodies against Livin suggesting that Livin may be a novel diagnostic or 
prognostic tumor marker. Additionally, preclinical studies indicate that 
down-regulation of Survivin can sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy, thereby 
increasing apoptosis and overall treatment response. 
 
 
<h3>About the Author</h3>

IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa
and one of its kinds in

Eastern India. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an
outsourcing branch of  <a href="http://www.imgenex.com">IMGENEX
Corporation</a> , San Diego, USA. 
Find out more  information about  <a href="http://www.imgenex.com/Apoptosis.php">Apoptosis</a>.

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