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<h2>Transcriptional Factors And Regulators</h2>by Stephen Jones 
 
All the cellular processes in living cells such as growth, 
development, morphogenesis and cellular differentiation are a product of gene 
expression programs involving complicated transcriptional regulation of several 
genes. This process of transcriptional regulation is tightly controlled and 
coordinated by proteins called transcriptional regulators. These 
transcriptional regulators and factors are DNA-binding proteins that bind to 
the promoter or enhancer sequences on the DNA and facilitate either 
transcriptional repression or activation. 
 
<o:p> </o:p> 
 
There are three principal types of transcription factors. 
These include basal transcription factors, upstream transcription factors and 
inducible transcription factors. The basic structure of every transcriptional 
factor mainly contains a DNA-binding domain and an activator domain. DNA-binding 
motifs found in transcription factors include zinc-finger, helix-loop-helix, 
helix-turn-helix, leucine zipper and high-mobility groups, based on which 
transcription factors are classified. The activator domain of these 
transcription factors interacts with components of transcription machinery such 
as RNA polymerases and associated transcription regulators. 
 
<o:p> </o:p> 
 
Regulation of transcriptional factors is a complex mechanism 
that ensures exact spatio-temporal expression of genes. In response to a 
specific cellular stimulus, these trans-regulatory factors are activated in a 
sequential manner. Upon activation, these factors recruit transcriptional 
co-regulators such as histones that function as co-activators or co- repressors 
and aid in modifying chromatin structure. Altered activation of these 
regulators is often associated with various pathologies such as chronic 
disorders and malignancies. Recent studies are concentrating on developing 
improved disease treatment strategies through identification of different 
transcription factor-binding patterns and blocking them. 
 
  
 
There are several families of trans-regulatory factors that 
control critical cellular signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation, 
survival, lineage development and cellular differentiation. These include 
Rel/NF-kB family, AP-1 family, STAT family of transcription factors, 
homeodomain proteins, DNA-binding proteins, POU transcription factors, nuclear 
hormone receptor family, p53 family and E2F family. 
 
 
<h3>About the Author</h3>

IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa
and one of its kinds in <st1:place w:st="on">Eastern India</st1:place>. IMGENEX
India started in Oct as an outsourcing branch of <a href="http://www.imgenex.com">IMGENEX Corporation</a> , San
Diego, USA.Find out more information about <a href="http://imgenex.com/TranscriptionFactors.php">Transcriptional
Factors</a> .

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