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<h2>Improved RNA interference kits launched by Imgenex</h2>by Stephen Jones 
 
RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of mRNA degradation 
that is induced by double-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific manner. RNAi has 
been observed in all eukaryotes, from yeast to mammals. The RNAi pathway is 
thought to be an ancient mechanism for protecting the host and its genome 
against viruses and rogue genetic elements that use double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) 
in their life cycles. They have also been shown to play a role not only in mRNA 
and dsRNA stability/degradation, but also in regulation of translation, 
transcription, chromatin structure, and genome integrity. In plants and 
animals, RNA silencing has been adapted to play a critical role in regulation 
of cell growth and differentiation using a class of small RNAs. In the RNA 
interference process, the dsRNAs get processed into 20-25 nucleotide (nt) small 
RNAs by an RNase III-like enzyme called Dicer. Then, the small RNAs assemble 
into endoribonuclease-containing complexes known as RNA-induced silencing 
complexes (RISCs), unwinding in the process. The small RNA strands subsequently 
guide the RISCs to complementary RNA molecules, where they cleave and destroy 
the cognate RNA (effecter step). Cleavage of cognate RNA takes place near the 
middle of the region bound by the siRNA strand. The small RNAs that provide 
target specificity to the silencing machinery includes short interfering RNAs 
(siRNAs), repeat-associated siRNAs (rasiRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) and is 
distinguished by their origin. siRNAs are processed from dsRNA precursors made 
up of two distinct strands of perfectly base-paired RNA, while miRNAs originate 
from a single, long transcript that forms imperfectly base-paired hairpin structures. 
siRNAs were originally identified as intermediates in the RNAi pathway after 
induction by exogenous dsRNA; however, endogenous sources of siRNAs have now 
been recognized. The endogenous siRNAs are derived from repetitive sequences 
within the genome, and are termed repeat-associated siRNAs, or rasiRNAs. miRNAs 
were discovered through their critical roles in development and cellular 
regulation, and represent a large class of evolutionarily conserved RNAs. 
miRNAs have always been recognized as being of endogenous origin. RNA 
interference has emerged as a natural mechanism for silencing gene expression 
over the past decade. This ancient cellular antiviral response can be harnessed 
to allow specific inhibition of the function of any chosen target genes, including 
those involved in causing diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and hepatitis. It is 
already proving to be an invaluable research tool, allowing much more rapid 
characterization of the function of known genes. More importantly, the 
technology considerably bolsters functional genomics to aid in the 
identification of novel genes involved in disease processes. Last but not the 
least the technology can be harnessed as a novel therapeutic agent and is 
suitable for combating viral diseases, cancers and inflammatory diseases. 
 
Imgenex (<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">San Diego</st1:place></st1:city>) recently launched the 
pSuppressorAdeno construction kit for adenovirus mediated gene knockdown. The 
kit provides the ability to infect a broad range of cell types, including many 
primary cell lines as well as dividing and nondividing cells, according to a 
company official. The kit also offers the flexibility to validate sequences 
using the nonviral expression plasmid prior to construction of adenoviruses, 
notes Sujay K. Singh, Ph.D., president and CEO of Imgenex, which markets 
plasmid-based RNA interference (RNAi) products. �One of the greatest advantages 
is the ability of recombinant adenovirus vectors to reduce gene expression both 
in vitro and in vivo,� he adds. RNAi, initially considered a bizarre attribute 
of petunias and later a gene-silencing mechanism in worms, is creating a stir 
as one of the hottest new technologies in molecular biology. It is 
revolutionizing the field of functional genomics.     
 
 
<h3>About the Author</h3>

IMGENEX India Pvt Ltd. the only
biotech company in Orissa and one of its kinds in <st1:place w:st="on">Eastern
 India</st1:place>. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an outsourcing branch of
<a href="http://www.imgenex.com">IMGENEX Corporation</a> ,
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">San Diego</st1:city>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:place>.  Find out  more information about  <a href="http://www.imgenex.com/rna_interference.php">RNA
interference</a> .

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