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<h2>Fundamental Immunology, Basic Immunology and Allergy Immunology</h2>by Stephen Jones 
 
Immunology is a broad branch of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_science" title="Biomedical science">biomedical</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> that covers the study of all aspects of 
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> in all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a>. The immune system is the body's 
defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of 
steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and 
substances that invade our systems and cause disease. The immune system is made 
up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the 
body. The immune system is the body�s natural defence in combating organisms. 
The immune system usually have two lines of defence: the innate immune system 
representing a non-specific (no memory) response to antigen (substance to which 
the body regards as foreign or potentially harmful) and the adaptive immune 
system, which displays a high degree of memory and specificity. The innate 
system represents the first line of defence to an intruding pathogen and 
includes various cells like the natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells dendritic 
cells and phagocytes. Besides there are molecules like complement, acute phase 
proteins (APP) and interferons (IFNs) which work in concert with the cells of 
the innate immune system and which foster close functional links with their 
adaptive counterpart. The adaptive immune system is further divided into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity" title="Humoral immunity">humoral</a> 
and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity" title="Cell-mediated immunity">cellular components</a>.  Cell-mediated immunity, also known as delayed-type <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity" title="Hypersensitivity">hypersensitivity</a> 
(DTH) or Type IV Hypersensitivity, is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_response" title="Immune response">immune 
response</a> that does not involve <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodies" title="Antibodies">antibodies</a> 
but rather involves the activation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>, 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_cell" title="Natural killer cell">natural killer cells</a> (NK), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">antigen</a>-specific 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic" title="Cytotoxic">cytotoxic</a> 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-lymphocytes" title="T-lymphocytes">T-lymphocytes</a>, 
and the release of various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokines" title="Cytokines">cytokines</a> in response to an antigen. The humoral immune 
response (HIR) is the aspect of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_%28medical%29" title="Immunity (medical)">immunity</a> that is mediated by secreted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodies" title="Antibodies">antibodies</a>, 
produced in the cells of the B <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocyte</a> lineage (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cell</a>). 
When activated by foreign antigen, B cells undergo proliferation and mature 
into antibody secreting plasma cells which posses the ability to secrete 
soluble proteins (antibodies). Antibodies which are classified into five 
different types (known as isotypes), namely IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE and IgD, have 
two roles to play - the first is to bind antigen and the second is to interact 
with host tissues and effector systems in order to ensure removal of the 
antigen. Thus the immune system generally is protective, however the same 
immunologic mechanisms that defend the host at times may result in severe 
damage to tissues and, occasionally, may cause death. 
 
Conceptualizing the natural antigen- antibody development 
& interaction, Imgenex Corp. develops and commercializes novel reagents for 
the scientific study of human biology and disease and for the production of new 
diagnostic assays and potential therapies of such diseases. These novel 
reagents include antibodies, gene and protein expression systems, and arrays of 
various cells and tissues for use in studies of functional genomics. Areas of 
biological interest at IMGENEX include cancer, apoptosis (programmed cell 
death), molecular signaling pathways, cellular aging, and metabolic and 
infectious diseases. 
 
 
<h3>About the Author</h3>

IMGENEX India Pvt
Ltd. the only biotech company in Orissa and one of its kinds in <st1:place w:st="on">Eastern India</st1:place>. IMGENEX India started in Oct as an
outsourcing branch of  <a href="http://www.imgenex.com">IMGENEX
Corporation</a> , San Diego, USA. Find out more information about <a href="http://imgenex.com/Immunology.php">immunology</a> .<o:p />

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